Apparently a regular party balloon can get up to 10% more pressure than the atmosphere around us before exploding, although this depends a lot on the conditions – if you change the temperature and the pressure of the air around you (by going up a mountain) you can explode a balloon at a much lower pressure.
I think that when a water balloon bursts it “unzips” from some small defect – I’m sure if you look on youtube you’ll find loads of slow motion video of bursting water balloons.
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