• Question: Have we ever dug into the earths core and how hot is it?

    Asked by anon-267537 on 24 Nov 2020.
    • Photo: Savannah Clawson

      Savannah Clawson answered on 24 Nov 2020:


      We haven’t been able to dig all the way to the Earth’s core, partly because it’s a long way to dig (nearly 2,000 miles to get to the edge of it) but mainly because the temperatures and pressures in the core are really really high! Although we know that the core is the hottest part of our planet, its precise temperatures are difficult to determine because we can’t go there to test it directly. Instead, scientist use experiments to estimate the temperature, and we think, in general, temperatures range from about 4,400°C to about 6,000°C (for reference, the hottest temperature of most kitchen ovens is about 260°C).
      .
      The core itself is made out of two layers: the outer core and inner core.
      The outer core is made out of liquid metal and is very hot, between 4,500 – 5,500°C.
      The inner core is a hot ball of solid metal with a temperature of about 5,200°C. The reason the metal in the inner core is solid instead of liquid is because the pressure in the inner core is really really high at nearly 3.6 million atmospheres, i.e. 3.6 million times the pressure we feel stood on the surface of the Earth.

    • Photo: Viviene Dela Cruz

      Viviene Dela Cruz answered on 24 Nov 2020: last edited 26 Nov 2020 8:10 pm


      The furthest we got digging towards the centre of the Earth is 12.2km and it’s not even halfway through the Earth’s crust! This is called the Kola Superdeep Borehole and is in Russia. To get to the core, we need to dig beyond the crust and the mantle. To give you an idea, the mantle is 966 times thicker than the crust and we’ve only dug about 1/3 of the Earth’s crust. We need to dig about 84% of the earth before we get to the core.

      However, we know that the core is about 5,200° Celsius so it’s pretty warm in there! 🙂 This was estimated by scientists by observing the melting behaviour of iron in ultrahigh pressures because the current data we have suggest that the core is made up predominantly of iron.

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